A field guide to the four-step Luhn algorithm, the eight identifier families that depend on it, and the three failure modes that silently ship past unit tests.
BIN-correct, brand-correct, check-digit-valid test card numbers for Visa, MasterCard, Amex, Discover, JCB, and China UnionPay — without leaking real PII into your fixtures.
The four-part output every payment form's credit card validator should surface — Luhn, brand, length, IIN — and the prefix-table traps that old validators miss.